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Leather Glossary Part 2


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Corrected Grain Leather

Leather from which the grain layer has been partially removed by buffing to a depth governed by the condition of the raw material and upon which a new surface has been built by various finishes.

Cow Hide

Hide from a mature female bovine that has produced a calf.

Crock (noun)

The coloring matter that rubs off of poorly dyed leather.

Crock (verb)

To transfer color of rubbing.

Crockproof

Leather, suede or fabric that has been treated to prevent color from rubbing off. With suede, this term means to treat to prevent shedding or rubbing off of fibers.

Crust

Leather which has been tanned but not finished. Such leathers referred to as being in the crust.

Drum Dying

The application of dye stuffs to leather by the immersion of the leather in a drum that is tumbled. This process allows full dye penetration into the fiber.

Embossed Leather

Usually corrected grain, in which a pattern is applied by extreme pressure in a press to give a unique design or imitation of full grain characteristics. Sometimes leathers are embossed to make them appear to be another leather, such as embossing an alligator pattern into a cowhide.

Enhanced Grain

Leather that is lightly buffed to improve the surface and embossed to simulate an attractive grain or to add decorative texture.

Fat Wrinkle

Wrinkles in the grain of leather caused by fat deposits in the animal that create beauty in the leather. Fat wrinkles are not visible in imitation grain leather.

Finish

A surface application on the leather to color, protect, or mask imperfections. More specifically, all processes administered to leather after it has been tanned.

Full Grain

The term used for the outside original skin or hide which has had the hair removed, but otherwise has not been corrected or altered. Full grain leather possesses the genuine original grain of the animal.

Full Hand

Leather which is full-bodied, such as some combination tanned leathers and fine vegetable tanned upholstery leather. Also called round hand.

Glazed Finish

Similar to an aniline finish except that the leather surface is polished to a high luster by the action of glass on the steel rollers under tremendous pressure.

Grain (Leather)

The outside of the hide or skin consisting of the pores, wrinkles and other characteristics which constitute the organic texture of the leather.

Grain Character

The natural markings on the surface of the leather.

Grain Embossed

An artificial grain pressed into the surface of the top grain leather from which the original grain has been removed.

Grain Split

The outer (wool or hair) layer of a hide or skin that has been split into two or more layers.

Grained Leather

Any leather on which the original natural grain has been changed or altered by any method, process or manipulation; also top grain.

Hand

A term used in the leather industry to describe the feel, i.e., softness or fullness of upholstery leather.

Hand Rubbing

The tone-on-tone effect created by blending colors. Used to add depth and character to leather.

Heifer

A female bovine, under three years of age, that has not produced a calf.

Hide

  1. The outer covering of a mature or fully grown large mammal, e.g. cattle, horse, camel and elephant.
  2. Leather made from (1) which has not been split, or from the grain split of such hide; when used in this way the name of the animal e.g. cowhide or oxhide or the type of leather, e.g. bag hide or case hide may be added.

Leather

An animal skin which has been preserved and dressed for use.

Liming

This process includes removal of the hair, preparing the hides for the tanning process.